ERGÄNZUNGSSTUDIUM TECHNISCHES ENGLISCH

Lecturer: Doris Storrer

Adverbs

There arc seven kinds of adverbs:

of manner:           e.g.    quickly, bravely, happily, fast, well                

of place:            e.g.    here, there, everywhere, up, down, near              

of time:             e.g.    now, soon, yet, still, then, today                   

of frequency:        e.g.    often, never, always, twice, occasionally            

of degree:           e.g.    quite, too, hardly, fairly, rather                   

interrogative:       e.g.    when? where? why?                                    

relative:            e.g.    when? where? why?                                    

Most adverbs of manner and some adverbs of degree are formed by adding "ly" to the corresponding adjective:

e.g.: slow - slowly; grave - gravely; immediate - immediately.

Spelling Notes:

a final "y" changes to "i": e.g. gay - gaily; happy - happily;

a final "e" is retained: e.g. extreme - extremely; sincere -sincerely;

exceptions: true - truly; due - duly; whole - wholly;

Other exceptions:

the adverb of good is well;

high, low, deep, near, far, fast, hard, early, late, much, little,

leisurely can be used as adjectives or adverbs; e.g.:

a high mountain                         the bird flew high                       

a fast train                            the train went fast                      

the work is hard                        they worked hard                         

I took the early train                  the train arrived early                  

The Position of Adverbs

Adverbs can be placed after the direct object: e.g.

He speaks English well. They walked quickly because it started to rain.

They can also be placed at the very beginning or the very end of a sentence.

Then they went home. He is working now. I haven't finished yet.

They can also be placed in front of the verb, though after the verb "to be"; e.g.

She still dislikes him. She is still with her old firm.

With tenses consisting of more than one verb, they can be placed after the first auxiliary: e.g.

I have hardly slept last night. He can never understand my feelings. You have often been told not to do things like that.

Verbs of perception, such as see, hear, smell, notice, recognize

do not require an adverb; e.g.:

The coffee smells good.

You really look terrific tonight

After a little rest, he felt good again.

The meat tasted so awful that even my dog didn't like it.

Adverb or Adjective?

Put in the appropriate word:

Example:

An attentive listener listens attentively.

An early riser rises early.

1. An awkward dancer dances
2. A brave soldier fights
3. A careful driver drives
4. A childish person behaves
5. A daily newspaper appears
6. A direct train goes
7. A fair player will always play
8. A fluent speaker talks
9. A good player plays
10. A hard worker works
11. A latecomer arrives
12. A light sleeper sleeps
13. A modest man acts
14. A pretty gin looks
15. A rough player plays
16. A slow eater eats
17. A weekly magazine is published

1. He was certainly born lucky.
2. Luckily, the baby was not born on the 13th.
3. We tied up the dog so that it could move easily.
4. The shutter broke loose.
5. He felt bad from eating so many green apples.
6. The brandy made him feel good again
7. The blind man felt his way about cautiously.
8. He felt quickly in his pockets for the money.
9. He tried to interfere, but was knocked unconscious.
10. I must have pressed the button unconsciously.
11. Sally looked beautiful with her hair fluttering in the wind.
12. His secretary looked carefully through the papers.
13. The teacher looked weary as he walked home after school.
14. The manager looked wearily at the pile of work on his desk.
15. The policeman looked at the man suspiciously.
16. The man looked suspicious to the policeman.
17. The coffee smells good.
18. This wine tastes rather sour, doesn't it?
19. He tasted the soup cautiously.

Please translate the following sentences into English:

1. Ich kann zwar nicht behaupten, daß ich ein richtiger Hi-Fi-Fan bin, aber ich interessiere mich außerordentlich für alles, was mit Elektronik zu tun hat.
2. Pauls Motorrad hat ein besonders Auspuffsystem, das bedeutend mehr Leistung bringt.
3. Also, für mich als Laien sieht diese Maschine doch ziemlich kompliziert aus.
4. Wir interessieren uns für eine vollautomatische Fräsmaschine.
5. Leider sind diese Art von Ausrüstungsteilen extrem teuer.
6. Die neuen Flugzeuge wurden extra für Kurzstreckentransporte konzipiert.
7. Eine verbesserte Version des neuen Flugzeuges wird schon ziemlich bald auf den Markt kommen.
8. Kurz nach der Inbetriebnahme des neuen Computersystemes gab es einen Stromausfall und es herrschte Chaos überall.
9. Sie können mir glauben, daß die Wartung unseres neuen Gerätes außerordentlich einfach zu handhaben ist.
10. Das ist wirklich einfacher gesagt als getan.